Infection Prevention in Ureteral Stent Use
Infection prevention is a central concern in the use of ureteral stents, as the presence of a foreign object within the urinary tract increases susceptibility to bacterial colonization. While stents are indispensable in maintaining urine flow, they can also provide a surface for microorganisms to adhere and form biofilms.
Sterile technique during stent insertion is the first line of defense against infection. Urologists follow strict procedural protocols, including sterilized instruments and controlled environments. In many cases, prophylactic antibiotics are administered before or during the procedure to reduce the risk of bacterial introduction.
Despite these measures, bacteria may still attach to the stent surface over time. Biofilms protect bacteria from antibiotics and immune responses, making infections harder to treat. This is why prolonged stent placement significantly increases infection risk.
Patients with stents are often advised to maintain good hydration. Increased urine flow helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract and reduces stagnation. Good personal hygiene and adherence to prescribed medications also contribute to infection prevention.
Symptoms of stent-related infection may include fever, chills, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and worsening pain. Prompt medical attention is essential if these signs appear. Treatment may involve antibiotics, stent replacement, or removal depending on severity.
Innovations such as antimicrobial coatings and drug-eluting stents aim to reduce bacterial adhesion. While these technologies are still evolving, they represent important steps toward safer long-term stent use.
Infection prevention relies on a combination of proper technique, patient education, timely follow-up, and advancing medical technology.